Wrapping-machine.



A. J. HADERT.

WRAPPING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19, 1913.

Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

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WRAPPING MACHINE. v APiPLICATIO N FILED MA R. I9, 1913- I Patented Feb.13, 1917.

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ALBERT J". HADERT, OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEW YORK.

WRAPPING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

-. Patented Feb. 13, 191?.

Application filed March 19, 1913. Serial No. 755,286

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, ALBERT J. HADERT, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Rochelle, in the State of New York, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in \Vrapping-Machines; and I dohereby de clare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the. invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art towhich it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to an improved machine for wrappingparcels generally, and more particularly for wrapping loaves of breadrapidly and hygienically. The machine in question is self-feeding and soarranged as to act upon two articles sin'iultaneously. For this purposea suitable conveyer carries a succession of'loaves or other articles tobe wrapped, first to what I term a .papeuapplying unit" (by means ofwhich a sheet of paper is made to surround the article) and thence to a.folding and sealing unit, acting automatically in coiiperation with thepaper applying unit. The second named unit completes the folding of thesheet around the article and securely seals the package. lVherever aloaf is re ferred to hereinafter, any article intended to be wrapped isto be understood, and the term "paper" is intended to cover any suitableenveloping material.

The advantages of the invention will appear in connection with thedescription of its various parts given hereinafter.

(ertain preferred embodiments of the invcntion are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings. wherein Figure 1 is a side view of the devicewith certain details omitted for the sake of clearness, Fig. 2 is across section of the lower part of the machine also omitting certaindetails to avoid confusion, Fig. 3 is a side view of one form of loaffeed at the point of delivery to the conveyer, Fig. 4 is a plan of thesame, Fig. 5 is a section of a detail in the loaf holder, Fig. 6 is anelevation of the paper securing device, Fig. 7 is a plan of a preferredloaf holder, Fig. 8 is a side view of the same, Fig. 9 is a perspectiveview of a side plate for the same, Fig. 10 is an elevation of the meansfor lifting the loaf and controlling the paper thereon on one side ofthe machine, Fig. 11 is a plan view of the same, Fig. 11 shows a detailcatch on the tension body, Fig. 12 is a cross section thereof on theline 12-12 in Fig. 10, Fig. 13 shows certain parts thereof inperspective, Fig. 14 is a side View form of paper teed, Fig. 15 view ofone form of a preferred is a sectional of paper cutter, Fig. 16 is aside view of a tension device applicable to the machine, Fig. 17 is anelevation of a part of the paper-applying device, Fig. 18 is a plan ofthe same, Fig. 19 is a detail of a part of the paper pusher, Fig. 20 isa sectional view of the salne on the line 2020 of Fig. 19, Fig. 21 is aperspective view of another part of the same, Fig. 22 shows inperspective a. modified form of 'paper tension device, Fig. is asectional view of a modified form of loaf feed, Fig. 24 shows a modifiedform of per feed, Fig. 1s a sectional view of the same on the line g 1of Fig. 23, Fig. 26 is an elevation of a preferred form of sealingdevice, Fig. 27 is an elevation of the selfheating sealing plate used insaid device, Fig. 28 is an elevation of the preferred side folder, Fig.29 is an elevation of the principal elements of the folding devicesassembled, Fig. 30 is a sectional detail showing the final folder, andFig. 31 is a plan view of the side folder and final folder on one sideof the machine.

Before describing the elements of my machine and their operations itwill be Well to point out the particular system of driving mechanisms bywhich these elements are brought into united action in that embodimentof my invention which I have illustrated.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the power is preferably applied from anysource of power to the sprocket wheel 40 on the shaft 41, carrying thepinion 42. This drives the gear wheel 43 on the cross shaft 44, whichcarries a second similar gear 45 near its opposite end, at the otherside of the machine. The shaft 44 also carries a pinion 46 which drivesthe large gear 47 on the cross cam shaft 48, near the middle of which ismounted the spiral gear 49. This gear drives the spiral gear 50 set atright angles to the former, and mounted upon the main cam shaft 51 whichis set longitudinally under the machine.

.The conveyer proper for carrying the loaves through the machineconsists of two chains 52 moving horizontally in guides 53 betweensprocket wheels 54, 55, and returning underneath themselves over idlers56, 57 The arrows in Fig. 1 show the direction of movement. Any suitablemeans may be gear applicable to the paused for imparting intermittentmovement to -these chains, and I have illustrated the following.

The sprocket wheels 55 at one end are mounted upon a cross shaft 58turned by a pinion 59 which is engaged by the driving pinion 60. On thesame shaft with the pinion 60 is fixed a ratchet wheel (51 having fourteeth, and there is loosely mounted upon the same shaft a lever (52carrying the pawl (33 arranged to drop behind one tooth at a time andthen push the ratchet wheel forward a quarter revolution, for each backand forth swing of the lever 02. This swinging is accomplished by meansof a cam 64: on the main cam shaft 51, supporting a roller (35 to whichis attached the link 66, pivotally connected to one end 0 the lever (52,preferably by a universal joint.

In Fig. 1 the pawl (33 is supposed to be moving backward to engage a newtooth on the wheel 01. As the lever (52 continues to swing, it lifts thedetent arm 67, to let the ratchet turn forward during the reverse swing,and, as the ratchet approaches the end of each alloted movement, thetooth (38 on the detent arm 'falls into position to prevent any excessof movement due to inertia. The parts are so proportioned that each backand forth swing of the lever (32 takes place in the proper idle a loafforward from due position in the paper applying unit to due position inthe folding and sealing unit.

The preferred loaf carrier is best shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, andcomprises side links (39 connected to thechains 52 by pins enteringopenings and 71, one of which is elongated to permit the loaf carrier topass around the curved paths followed by the chains at the ends of themachine. Between the links 69 extend the lifting blocks 72, madeadjustable for different sizes of loaf by supporting screws 7 3 passingthrough slots 71 in the links 09. The lifting blocks 72 are preferablyslotted as shown at 75 and are provided with outwardly bent confiningfingers 76. The rear fingers are preferably made higher than the forwardfingers, for a purpose hereinafter explained. As shown in Fig. 5, therear fingers are mounted so as to slide 011 pins 77, being held to theirwork by springs 78.

The preferred feeding means are in Figs. 3 and 1. a row on an inclinedchute 79, terminating in extensions or depositing fingers which are soshaped (as shown in Fig. 3) as to support the lowermost loaf and preventits sliding under the pressure of the others. These fingers are placedover the rear sprocket wheels 51, so that, as each loaf carrier comes upunder them, the forward retaining fingers 76 clear the loaf supported onthe extensions 80, and the rear fingers 76 shown interval, and carries-The loaves are placed in .tween the rollers 98,

rise between said extensions 80, so as to separate the foremostloaf'from its fellows by a yielding blow, thanks to the springs 8 (Fig.5). This actlon is plainly shown in Fig. 3. p

s the forward motion of the loaf-carrier continues, the loaf is pushedalong the extensions 80, which slope downward, as shown, entering theslots 75 in the lifting blocks and depositing the loaf on said blocksbetween the retaining fingers. It is desirable that this action beaccomplished as rapidly as possible; and, in order to prevent the loaffrom being thrown out by the sudden movement, a safety plate 81 ispivoted at 82 in a suitable position to bear not too heavily on the leafas it is "pushed forward. The rear of the plate bears on the stops 83,when a loaf is not passing.

As shown in Fig. 3, the rear retaining fin-- gers carry supporting lipswhich tilt upward the forward edge of the second loaf and lessen thedanger of catching or sticking of the column of loaves.

The paper applying unit, may be supplied by any appropriate paper feed,and I have shown a preferred form of such feed in Figs. 1, 1 1, 15, 16,19, 20 and 21.

The paper feed is preferably driven from the main gears on the jawcarrier hereinafter described. These gears are dupli (rated on theopposite sides of the machine and are shown at 84. They are driven frombelow by the gears 43 (see Figs. 1 and 2). For clearness, the train ofgearing between the gears 84, and the main cam shaft of the paper feedis omitted from Fig. 1, but it is shown in Fig. 14 in the pinions 85,86, 87, and 88, the last of which is fast on the main cam shaft 89 ofthe paper feed.

The end of the shaft 89 is furnished with a crank arm 90, connected bythe link 91 with the crank arm 92 on the gear 93. As the crank revolvesit moves the gear 93 back and forth through an are less than 180degrees, reciprocating rack. A pinion 94 (Fig. 1) shown partly brokenaway engages the rack 93, and carries with it an arm 95 bearing a pawl96 which is thereby caused to impart an intermittent forward rotation tothe ratchet wheel 97. This wheel is fast upon the same shaft with the.friction feed roller 98 against which the spring 99 presses the secondfeed roller 100.

The paper is led from the loose storage reel 101 over the roller 102,and thence be- 100, by movement of which it is intermittently projectedinto the guide chute 103 in proper lengths. I11 order to keep the papertaut despite any overrunning of the reel 101, I prefer to use a tensiondevice, which may be made as shown in Figs. 1 and 16. The lever 104,pivoted at thus causing it to act as a curved 105, carries an ofisetroller 106, which normally rests in a bight of the paper (see Fig. 16)but during the time of advance, the paper is relieved of the tension bythe cam 107 on the shaft which carries the roller 98, as shown in dottedlines in Fig. 16.

The pa per'web is cut across at proper distances apart by suitableautomatic mechanism, and my preferred construction for this purpose isshown in Figs. 1, 14 and 15.

A serrated cutter of usual design 108 is mounted upon a frame 109, whichcomprises plates 110, 111 carrying the pressure rods 112, 113,preferably carrying pressure pads 114 and 115 placed in advance of thecutting edge of 108. These rods slide in apertures in the plates 110,111, and are kept normally in the position shown in Fig. 15 by the nuts116 and by the springs 117, 118, confined between the plate 110 and theabutlnents 119, 120, fixed on said rods. When the frame 109 is pushedforward by the lever 121, during aninterval of rest of the paper, thesprings 117, 118 cause the pressure pads 114, 115, to move with and inadvance of the cutter 108; until, having passed through the apertures122, 123, in the chute 103, they have pressed the paper against the backof the chute on opposite sides of the incisionslot 124. The springs thenhold the pads firmly against the paper, while the edge 108,

passes through the incision aperture 125,

and through the paper into the slot 124. This action either entirely orsubstantially severs the paper, so that when the paper delivering deviceacts, the web will be severed along the line so cut. Obviously the slot124 may or may not be, open all the way through the chute wall. Theappropriate movements of the let er 121 for carrying out this cuttingoperation during intervals. of rest in the paper feed are accomplishedby the cam 126 on the shaft 89, which acts through the arm 127 fixed toa shaft 128, to which the lex'er 121 is also fixed. The spring 129 keepsthe roller 130 on the arm 127 down against the cam 126, and this springsupplies the power for actuating the cutter 108.

The actual delivery of severed sheets to the wrapping machine isaccomplished by what may be termed a sheet accelerator; which, in mypreferred form shown, comprises the following constructions (see Figs.14.19, 20 and 21). v

The simplest form is shown 1n Fig. 14. Here a frame 131, pivoted to thegeneral framework of the machine, carries a sliding delivery frame 132,normally pushed forward by a spring 133 or the like, and preferablyprovided with a soft friction pad or pads 134 at its extremity.Pivotally attached near the front of the delivery frame 132 is a rod133", the opposite end of which is pivoted to the arm 134. This arm isfixed to a shaft 135 carried by a rearward ment, corresponding to the Iment of the plate 143 arms press downward upon extension of the frame131, and said shaft also carries a second arm 136 to the end of which ispivoted the connectiong rod 137. The opposite end of this rod 137 ispivoted to the end of a lever 138 pivotally mounted at 139, and carryinga roller which is kept in contact with the cam 140 by the spring 141. V

In Fig. 14 the sheet accelerator is supposed to have completed theforward moveaction of the rod 137 in the direction of the arrow. Furthermovement of the cam 140 as shown by the arrow thereon will causedepression of the rod 137. As the arm 130 is near the dead center, thefirst effect of depressing the rod 137 will be to cause the pad 134 toslip idly upward over the smooth front surface of the paper chute (thesevered sheet having been withdrawn as hereinafter described). This willcontinue until the frame 131 comes against the stop 142, when furthermovement of the rod 137 will rotate the shaft 135, and the arm 134 androd 133 will draw the pad 134 back, and permit the intermittently fedpaper to pass down the chute.

Almost simultaneously with the next 0 eration of the cutter 108, the rod137 will be pulled upward, first causing the shaft 135 to turn so as tothrow the pad forward against the paper and then flipping the severedsheet quickly into the moving jaws by a downward swing of the frame 131(see Fig. 1).

The form of sheet accelerator just described is a very simple one, and Iprefer the form shown in Figs. 19, 20 and 21. Here a slid-able plate 143is held to the front of the paper chute, as by screws 144, and isnormally held up by springs 145. WVhen the pads 134 are first movedforward to engage a freshly severed sheet, they pass through openings140 in the rear of the chute and pinch the paper against the slidabieplate 143, so that thereis no slip between the paper and chute when theformer is flipped forward. In order to insure positive movedownward withthe pads and the paper, I prefer to provide arms 147 on opposite sidesof the frame 132 (one of which is shown in Fig. 21) which projections148 on the sides of the plate 143. his construction also avoids frictionof the pads on their upward movement.

It is to be understood that my machine is capable of use in combinationwith means for feeding separate or already severed sheets, instead ofcomprising means for feeding and cutting a single long sheet. The termsevered as applied to the sheets refers to sheets already forapplication to the loaf or other article to be wrapped.

By the means thus far described the paper passes from the paper feedproper to the paper applying unit, whereby it is first applied aroundthe leaf, preparatory to actual folding upon the same. For this purposea loaf handler is provided to place the loaf in a favorable position,while a paper conveyer carries the sheet around the loaf to form anopen-ended tube suitable .for final folding. It is to be understood thatthe paper is dragged past the pad 134, the friction of which, pressingforward against the chute, preserves a suitable tension and preventswrinking or falling of the sheet.

The gears 84, revolved as already described, support the jaws carriers149 which are carried in an orbit around a raised loaf (see dotted linesin Fig. 17) and make two turns for each delivery of one sheet by theaccelerator. At the beginning of the first turn the aws are momentarilyopened when in position shown in Figs. 1 and 17, and the end of thesevered sheet is flipped forward between them, whereupon they close atonce and, as their movement is continuous they carry the end of thesheet around under the loaf. As the jaws pass the delivery position thesecond time they are not opened, but, after completing application ofthe sheet to the loaf, they are opened so as to release the paper asthey pass under the loaf the second time. Various means may be employedfor carrying out this operation, and in Figs. 1 and 17 is shown apreferred construction for this purpose.

Extending from side to side of the ma.- chine is a fixed jaw 150, and amovable jaw 151 is pivoted thereto and is normally held firmly incontact therewith by a spring 152. On the movable jaw 151 is a plate 153having two projections 154, 155, between which plays the end of a bentlever 156 pivoted to the jaw holder at 157. The arrow in Fig. 17, nearthe jaws, shows the direction of movement of the jaw holder.

The revoluble shaft 158 carries a trip arm 159 which is brought into theposition shown in Fig. 17 (up to the dotted circular arc) once in tworevolutions of the wheel 81, so as to trip the lever 156 and make itopen the jaws momentarily. Between times the arm 159 is out of the pathof the lever 156. The proper movement of this arm is preferably impartedby an arm 160 on the shaft 158, which arm is controlled by a rod 161moved by a disk 162 to which it is pivotally and eccentricallyconnected. This disk is on the shaft 51 already described.

In order to correlate the releasing movement of the jaws I prefer toemploy a releasing trip arm 163 on a shaft 164: provided with an arm 165connected to a like arm 166 on the shaft 158 by a curved rod 167,whereby movements of the last namedshaft will cause the trip arm 166 tomove up to the dotted arc in Fig. 17 once for each two revolutions ofthe jaws, and hus release thepaper at the proper moment.

In the form shown I prefer to support the wheel 84 upon rollers 168,carried on arms 169, and entering the groove in the wheel 81 plainlyshown in Fig. 18.

The aising and lowering of the loaf is accomp ished by a loaf handler,associated with paper adjusters, and preferred forms of which are bestshown in Figs. 2, 10, 11, 12 and 13.

On each side of the machine is a lifting box 170 provided internallywith guiding ribs 171 and 172 or their equivalents. Upon the upperguides the lifting body 173 is adapted to slide, while the tensionbody'171 slides on the lower guides 172. The body 173 preferably carriesprojecting lifting blades 175 and a steadying blade 176 adapted tosteady the advancing side of the loaf while it is being lifted.

lVhile the paper-holding jaws are advancing on their first orbitalcircuit, the first action of the loaf handler is the advance of the body173, whereby the blades 175 enter the loaf carrier under the l af andbetween the blocks 72. This is accomplished by arms 177, 178, pivoted at179, 180, and pivotally connected by links 181 to studs 182 on the sidesof the bodies 173. The full lines and dotted lines in Fig. 2 amplyillustrate this movement. To carry out this operation the arm 177 isrigidly connected with a cam-arm 183, having a roller 184 bearing on thecam 185. This arm is pivotally connected by a link 186 to the end of thearm 178, which carries a roller 187 bearing on a cam 188. The cams 185and 188 are fixed to the shaft 51 and act alternately to thrust thelifting body 173 positively inward and outward. The cam 188, in the formshown, is behind the cam 185 in Fig. 2.

In order to insure proper centering of each loaf before application ofthe paper thereto, I prefer to associate centering devices with the loafhandling means, and in the form shown (see Figs. 10 and 11) these takethe form of suitably guided rods 189, one on each side, each mountedupon one of the bodies 173 so as to slide longitudinally thereon, andeach furnished with a centering plate 190 at its end. The relativeposition of each rod 189 with respect to the body 173 is determined bya. long tension spring 191 and a relatively short compression spring 192of materially superior stiffness. The former spring has its endsconnected respectively with one end of the rod 189 and the body 173,while the compression spring is interposed between the body 17 3 and afixed part on the rod 189, as, for instance. the centering plate 190. Asshown in Fig. 12, each rod 189 is preferably square,-

or is otherwise arranged to pr'eventits rotation.

It will be understood that, for some purposes the centering means willbe sufficient to grip the loaf for lifting it, the lifting blades beingomitted, as well as the steadying blade or blades.

As the bodies 173 move toward each other, as hitherto described, theplates 190 press upon opposite sides "of the loaf, and, as the twoopposed springs 192 are made as nearly alike as possible, they will actto bring the loaf into a substantially exact middle position.

The lifting blades and centering deyices being thus automaticallyadjusted, and the loaf being steadied by the blade 176, the nextmovement serves to lift the loaf sufficiently high out of its carrier topermit the [paper-conveying jaws to pass under the same. This positionis indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2.

For this purpose I prefer to mount each lifting box 170 upon asubstantially vertical lifting stem 193 adapted to slide in guides 194on the frame, and springs 195 are used normally to preserve the loweredposition of the stems shown in Fig. 2. The simultaneous raising of thestems is accomplished by cams 196 acting upon rollers 197 on said stems.These cams are fixed to the rotating cross shaft 48.

By the time the loaf has been raised as described, the jaws bring theadvancing edge of the paper sheet under the loaf, and it becomesnecessary to hold the sheet up against the bottom of ther progress ofthe jaws.

For this purpose I prefer to employ a tension body 174, adapted to slideWithin the lifting box 170 just under the lifting body 173. The body isnow thrust forward, so as to bring the tension blades 198 under thepaper and loaf. The blades in question are mounted resiliently, and tendto press upward against the lifting blades just above them, and thistendency is not opposed when the two sliding bodies 173 and 174 are di-,rectly over each other. But, when the body 173 is first advanced,projections 199 on the blades 198 ride upon downwardly extending ribs200 on the body 173, and force the blades slightly downward, as shown inFig. 10. By this means these blades have plenty of room to advance underthe paper sheet without danger of catching and tearing; but, when thetension blades arefully advanced, the projections 199 drop into cavities201, and the blades 198 resume their normal position with respect to thelifting blades, thus gently squeezing the paper upward against thelifting blades. In order properly to limit the movement of the body 174and keep it and the body 173 in proper relation at both extremes oftheir travel, I prefer to acts, when the loaf, during furfrom beingdrawn forward as 1t is advanced.

a lever is provided on each side, and these levers are preferablymounted to turn upon the shafts 179 and 180 (see Fig. 2). A strongspring'205 connects the levers and permitted, to pull the levers together and advance the two tension bodies simultaneously. The action ofthis spring is appropriately controlled by a cam 206 on the shaft 51.This cam acts upon a roller 207 on the arm 208 attached rigidly to onelever 203, and connected by a link 209 with the prolongation of theother lever 203.

' Thus the one cam 206 pushes apart the two levers at the proper time,against the action of the spring 205. This permits the body 174 to bedrawn outward by pressure of the body 173 against the flange 202, whensaid body 173 is moved outward by the appropriate link 181, as hithertodescribed. When the tension bodies 174 are to be advanced, the cam 206permits the spring 205 to act for this purpose. 1

In Fig. 11 is shown means which may be employed to insure the tensionbody 174 remaining stationary until the proper time. This takes the formof a rounded hook, preferably a spring-hook, 350, which engages asuitable bar or the like, 351, on the lifting box. When the body 174 ispositively pressed forward by the lever 203, the hook 350 yields, butotherwise its engagement is sufficiently firm to prevent the body 174 bythe body 173 As the paper-gripping jaws continue their revolution, theydrag the severed sheet out of the control of the accelerator pads 134,and between the tension blades 198 and lifting blades 175, and finallysaid jaws pass once more under the loaf, causing the two ends of thesheet to overlap beneath the same. In order to preserve this overlapwhen the jaws release the paper, I provide a sheet-retaining means whichacts automatically to press the second lap or fold of the sheet upagainst that part of the sheet with which it overlaps on the loaf. Forthis purpose various devices may be employed within the spirit of myinvention, the preferred this mounting is shown in the form of a stem211 under each plate 210, said stems being mounted so as to slidethrough sockets 212 on the ends of a cross bar 213. Springs 211 supportthe plates 210 in the positions shown. The cross bar 213 is carried by amiddle stem 215 slidably supported for vertical motion by a socket 216.

The moment the jaws the loaf the second time, the cam 217 acting uponthe roller 218, mounted upon the stem 215, moves the plates 210 upagainst the second paper lap, and almost simultaneously the trip 163acts to open said aws and finally release the sheet. The operatlons sofar described serve to place the severed sheet in position in opentubular form around the loaf, so that said sheet overlaps beneath theloaf, and holds it in this position above the loaf carrier on the mainconveyer. v I.

Vhile the jaws 150, 151 are cont nu ng their orbital progress toward thebeginning of a new cycle of operation, the cams 196 and 217 act togetherto permit the loaf lifting means and the sheet retaining means to movedownward until the loaf rests in nor mal position within its carrier.The plates 210 continue moving down to the position shown in Fig. 2,while the cam 185 causes the lifting body and blades to be withdrawn,carrying the tension body and blades with them. It may be remarked inthis connection that, as soon as the loaf rests within its carrier, theblades beneath it are relieved of its weight, and no opposition tosmooth withdrawal of the tension blades is afforded.

As soon as the lifting and tension blades have been withdrawn, theautomatic forward movement of the conveyer takes place, as heretoforedescribed, bringing a new loaf into position for receiving a new sheet,and at the same time carrying forward the loaf already supplied withpaper to the folding unit. Before describing the action of this lastnamed unit, reference will be had to certain modifications which may benoted as among the many possible within the scope of my invention.

The principle of continuous movement of the jaws 150, 151 combined withvariable movement of the paper feed is not essential. Where the jaws areso operated as to be momentarily arrested or slowed up to receive' theadvancing sheet, the paper feed may be advanced continuously and uni-Eormly. In this case, as the adjustment of movement is important Ishould prefer to employ some transmission means for the paper feedingpower which would permit of accurate variation in speed proportion, andin Fig. 24 I have shown an example of such a transmission.

Here the motion of a pulley 218 is transmitted by a belt 219 to a secondpulley 220 from which power is taken to drive the paper feed. The belt219 is kept taut by a 150, 151 pass under roller 221, mounted on a block222 sliding between guides 223. The pressure of the roller upon the beltmay be governed either by the screw 22:.- or the spring 225 or both.Each pulley 218, 220 is constructed onthe principle of a spirallathe-chuck, so that the outer tips of the wedges 226 serve as theperipheries of the pulleys, and the virtual diameter of each pulley isgoverned by turning the setting disks 227 in a manner well known inchucks. Thus small and exact changes in the speed-proportions oftransmission may be carried out.

In Fig. 22 is shown a modified form of aper tension device. Here thetension blades 198 are pivoted at 228 upon the body 174, and arenormally elevated by a spring 229. The projections 199, hithertodescribed, are replaced by rollers 230, which have the functions of saidprojections with lessened friction. The rear ends of the blades arecontinued backward and downward and join in a tongue 231 supplied with aroller 232, which runs along a track 233 when the box 170 is in thelowered position shown in Fig.

2 in full lines. In this position the pressure of the track raises thetongue 231 and depresses the outer ends of the blades, thus positivelyfreeing the blades from the paper, to prevent all danger of catching assaid blades are withdrawn.

In Figs. 23 and 25 is shown a modified form of means for delivering theloaves to the conveyer. Here a vertical chute 234: is used, at thebottom of which is a grid with outward and downwardly sloping portions235 as shown in Fig. 23. The openings in this grid are continued upwardinto the vertical back of'the chute, so that, as each loaf carrier 69moves under the chute 23 1 in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 23, thelonger confining fingers 76 act to push against the lowermost of acolumn of loaves within the chute. This loaf is thus pushed out of thechute, and down the inclined grid until it finally falls into placebetween the two sets of confining fingers 76 on the'loaf carrier. Thispermits the entire column of loaves to move down and bring another loafinto place for withdrawal.

Thus far the preferred construction and operation of the paper-applyingunit have been described, and it will be understood that this unit ispreferably combined with a folding unit, to which a loaf with paperapplied is conveyed at the same time that a new loaf is brought by theconveyer within the active scope of the paper-applying unit. In thepreferred form shown, the folding unit comprises a steadying device,initial folders, side folders and final folders, and I prefer to combinethese with an adherentapplying means which operates automatically inharmony with these various folding devices. Figs. 1, and 26 to 31inclusive best show the details of the folding unit in the embodiment'of my invention which I have selected, for illustration.

As the loaf comes to rest upon the conveyer within the active scope ofthe folding unit, the steadying device preferably operates to hold theloaf during the folding operation. In the form shown this comprises asteadying plate 236 mountedupon an upright stem 237 adapted to slidevertically over the loaf within fixed guides 238, and normally presseddownward against the top of the loaf by a spring 239. In Fig. 29, thisdevice is shown supported by the cam 240 acting on the roller 241 on thestem 237. This cam is mounted upon the shaft 168 already described. Asthe cam 240 turns as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 29 it lets thespring 239 act topress the plate 236 down upon the loaf. The initialfolders then come into play.

These comprise a suitably shaped folding blade 242 on each side of themachine, (end of the loaf) which blades are mounted upon rods 243pivotally mounted upona bar 244, preferably made adjustable in length,as shown, which bar is fixed firmly to a guide rod 245, supported by aroller 246 upon the cam 247 on the shaft 168, and guided for verticalmotion in the fixed guide plates 238. The spring 248, whose oppositeends are attached to the inturned arms 249 on the upper ends of the rods243, tends constantly to draw said upper ends together, and thus keepsaid rods parallel and vertical in planes so located that, when the cam247 permits the bar 244 to fall, the blades 242 will act to fold downthe top of the paper close against the two ends of the loaf.

When the cam 247 raises the bar 244, and with it the rods 243 and blades242, outward arms 250 on the rods 243 come up under fixed stops 251, atsuch a time that, when the folder is fully raised (as in Fig. 29) therods 243 will be inclined toward each other as shown in the drawing.This gives room for operation of the adherent-applying means hereinafterdescribed.

The initial folder having thus performed its part, the side folders actto turn in the upstanding sides of the projecting paper at both ends ofthe loaf. In the preferred form shown, this is accomplished byside-folding plates 252, located in opposed pairs at opposite sides ofthe machine just opposite the ends of'the loaf when in position. Theseplates are slotted, as shown, and are supported upon pins 253 joiningthe parallel bars 254 of a movable frame mounted upon guide rods 255having collars 256 behind which the springs 257 act to permit temporaryoutward movement of the frame bars 254 and the elements they support, toacizonf modate slight variations in size of the At their lower ends theplates 252 have arms '258 pivotally connected with rods 259 whoseopposite extremities are pivotally connected to the ends of longitudinalbars 260 fixed to a common cross bar 261. This cross bar carries aroller 262 which is held down upon the cam 263 by a spring 264. The endsof the cross bar 261 are preferably steadied by guide rods 265.

At the proper moment, the cam 263, on the shaft 51, lifts the bar 261,and the rods 259 raise the plates 252, causing them first to risevertically and then, impelled first by their slots and finally by therotative action of the arms 258, to tilt inward toward each other asindicated in dotted lines in Fig. 28. The springs 266 permit thenecessary outward movements of the rods 259, and insure their return tothe normal position shown.

In order that one plate 258 may move slightly in advance of the otherthe operative connections for one or the other include provision for asmall lost motion. For instance one of the rods 259 has a spring-pressedslot and pin connection with its corresponding bar 260, and its plate252 has a somewhat shorter slot. It results that the corresponding plate252 starts to tilt a little before the other plate in the same pair, andthus overlapping side folds are produced at both ends of the loaf.

The final folder begins after the side folders, but these lattercomplete their work and are withdrawn before the action of the finalfolder is completed. When an adherent-depositing device is employedthere should, of course, be provided a suiiicient interval for itsaction as well. I shall first describe the final folder as used withoutthe adherent-depositing device and then explain the action of suchdevice as preferably used.

At each side of the machine, and directly beneath each end of the loafwhen in position, is located a vertically sliding support or plate 266This is preferably mounted to slide between the plates or bars 254, andis normally held down by the spring 267 attached to an arm 268. As shownin Fig. 28 I prefer to provide slot and pin guides for this slidingsupport. To the top of each support 266 is hinged a final folding plate269, each connected by a pivoted connecting bar 270 to one upright armof the frame 271. The frame 271 carries a roller 272 which rests upon acam 273 on the shaft 51, being held to said cam by the spring 274.

As the cam 273 lifts the frame 271, its arms first tilt the plate 269into the position shown in full lines in Fig. 30, and then, causing thesupport 266 to slide upward, the plate 269 is made powerfully to smoothdown and flatten the final upward compound paper fold which is producedby the original tilting motion. This action is indicated by to moveshortly the upper dotted lines in Fig. 30. Where my machine is intendedfor use with a binding unit, or the loaves are to be tied or pasted byhand,'the mechanism thus far described will suffice, and my invention isnot limited to a machine having additional features.

he construction described, however, is adapted to combination with meansfor securing the paper by an adherent, and I have therefore shown meansfor this purpose which are combined with the mechanisms alreadydescribed. While my invention is broad enought to cover a variety ofdevices for this purpose, I prefer the construction shown in Figs. 26and 27, whereby hot paraffin is efliciently transferred and applied toeach wrapped loaf so as to secure the final or closing fold in place.

I employ a paraffin tank 275 on each side of the folding unit, the samebeing provided witlr electric coils 276, or other heating means wherebythe paraffin is kept melted. An adherent-transferring device is adaptedto be moved from a position directly above the tank toward the wrappedloaf and back and this device moves in a frame 27 7 carried by theparallel pivoted bars 278, 279, and comprises a sliding body 280, fromwhich depends the wiping plate 281. The body 280 is preferably providedwith heating means, whereby the wiping plate is kept hot. I haveindicated electric coils for this purpose.

A pressure plate 4,282 is attached to the body 280, and a. plunger 283is pressed upward under Said plate by a spring 28 This keeps the body280 and the wiping plate normally in the position shown in the drawings.

In order to secure a layer of paraffin (or other adherent) upon thefaces of the wiping plate 281, a plate-depressing device is used, whichhas the following construction in my preferred form. As shown in Fig.26, a depressing frame 285 extends across the machine above the loafwhich is being infolded, and this frame is provided with vertical guidebars 286, moving in brackets 287 fixed to the main framework. From theframe 285, directly over each pressure plate 282, there depends apressure arm 288, and near the middle of the frame is a roller 289,which is held up against the cam 290 on the shaft 168 by the springs 291(omitted on one side in Fig. 26).

While the initial and side folding is going on as described, the frame277 on each side remains as shown in Fig. 26, and the cam 290 actsmomentarily to depress the frame 285, whose pressure arms 288 cause thebody 280 and wiping plate 281 to move down until the latter enters thetank 275. As the frame 285 rises again, the springs 284 withdraw thewiping plates from the tanks, and the scrapers 292, normally pressedtogether by springs 293, remove the superfluous paraffin from saidplates.

The transferring cam 293 on the shaft 51, then acts, through the roller294, levers 295 and rods 296 connected to the prolongations of the bars279, to permit the spring 297 to move the frames 277 downward toward theloaf, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 26, thus bringing theparaffin-covered wiping plates 281 against the wrapper on each side justafter withdrawal of the side folding plates.

Shortly afterward the plates 269 fold the paper upward against the outerface of each wiping plate 281, and at once the cam 293 acts against thespring 297 to restore the parts to the position shown in Fig. 26, and,as the plates 281 are withdrawn upward from between the paper folds,they wipe 0E a certain amount of paraffin upon each. Thereafter theupward smoothing action of the final folding plate 269 takes place, anda firm and permanent adherence is secured.

This completes the formation and secure closing of the package, and theconveyer at once removes the same from the scope of action of thefolding unit, delivering it to any device suitable for its reception,as, for instance, the curved smooth fingers 298 (Fig. 1) I which occupythe longitudinal spaces 75 at the bottom of each loaf carrier as itpasses, and upon which the loaves are pushed one by one, as the carriersare moved downward around the terminal wheel 55.

The various elements described herein in detail are to be understoodeach as the representative of a variety of obvious equivalents. Manychanges may be made in the machine without departing from the scope ofmy invention, and I do not limit myself to the details herein shown anddescribed.

What I claim is 1. In a packaging machine a movable conveyer, a deliverychute, supporting fingers forming an extension of said chute at thedelivery end thereof, and carriers on said conveyer having confiningfingers adapted to enter the spaces between said supporting fingers onsaid chute when each carrier is moved past said chute by said conveyer,substantially as described.

2. In a packaging machine a movable conveyer, a delivery chute,supporting fingers at the delivery end thereof forming an extension ofsaid chute and inclining downward toward said conveyer, and carriers onsaid conveyer provided with lifting blocks, spaced so as to accommodatesaid fingers, and with confining fingers adapted to enter the spacesbetween said supporting fingers on said chute when each carrier is movedpast said chute by said conveyer, substantially as described.

3. In a packaging machine, amovable conveyer, a delivery chute,supporting fingers forming an extension of said chute at the deliveryend thereof, and carriers on sald conveyer having confining fingers withends bent backward and downward and mounted resiliently upon the rearthereof and adapted to enter the spaces between said supporting fingerson said chute when each carrier is moved past said chute by saidconveyer, substantially as described.

4. In a packaging machine, a movable conveyer, a. delivery chute, meansfor removing articles from said chute to said conveyer, and. amovable'resistant body over said conveyer near the point of deliveryadapted to maintain contact with each article after it is deposited onthe conveyer to steady the same, substantially as described.

In a packaging machine, a movable conveyer, a delivery chute, meansmoving with the conveyer for removing articles from the chute to theconveyor, and a steadying device for the article placed over theconv'eyer, substantially as described.

6. In a packagingmachine, jaws for leading paper around an article,gears upon which said jaws are mounted, a package support locatedbetween said gears and paper feeding means driven by said gears fordelivering paper to said jaws, substantially as describe 7. In apackaging machine, jaws mounted for orbital motion, means forintermittently advancing paper toward the same, automatic cutting means,and an automatic paper accelerator adapted to project the severed sheettoward said jaws at a speed greater than that of said jaws after eachoperation of said cutting means, substantially as described.

8. In a packaging machine, jaws mounted for orbital motion, means foradvancing paper toward the same, an automatic reciprocating acceleratoradapted to project the paper at a momentarily increased speed towardsaid jaws, and automatic means for controlling action of said jaws,substantially as described.

5). In a packaging machine, jaws mounted for orbital motion, means foradvancing paper toward the same, cutting means, an automatic acceleratoradapted to project the severed sheet toward said jaws at a speed greaterthan that of said jaws, a driving shaft and cams thereon, connected foroperation respectively with said accelerator and said cutting means,substantially as described.

10. In a packaging machine, normally closed jaws, means for producingorbital movement thereof, means for causing momentary opening thereof,means for intermittently advancing a paper sheet toward said jaws, andan accelerator adapted automatically to project the paper between saidjaws at a speed greater than that of said jaws while the latter aremomentarily open,

substantially as described.

11. In a packaging machine, a rotatable ring, a jaw carrier projectinginward from the same, a fixed and a movable jaw on sa d carrier, meansfor normally closing said jaws, a plate on said movable jaw havingprojections, a lever pivotally mounted on said ring having one endplaying between said projections, and means adapted to press upon theopposite end of said lever to cause the same to open said jaws,substantially as described.

12. In a packaging machine, rotatable rings, jaw carriers projectinginward from the same, a fixed and a movable jaw on said carriers, meansfor normally closing said jaws, means on one of said rings for openingsaid jaws, tripping means adapted to be brought into one portion of thepath of movement of said opening, means for operating the same a secondtripping means adapted to be brought into another portion of said pathof movement for similar operation, a mechanical connection between saidtwo tripping means adapted to cause them to operate simultaneously, anda common actuating device for said two tripping means, substantially asdescribed.

13. In a packaging machine, fixed supporting rollers, jaw-supportinggear wheels having internal grooves fitting over said rollers, jawcarriers projecting inward from said rings, and jaws on said carriers,substantially as described.

14. In a packaging machine, a paper feed, jaw-supporting gear wheels, apackage car rier between said gear wheels, jaw carriers projectinginward therefrom, jaws on said carriers, driving means for said paperfeed, and a toothed wheel meshing with said jawsupporting wheels foractuating saiddriving means, substantiall; as described.

15.111 a packaging machine. jaws for gripping the paper, means fordelivering paper to said jaws including a device for exertin africtional resistance to extraction of the paper by said jaws, a packageholder, and means for automatically carrying said jaws in an orbitalpath around said package holder. substantially as described.

16. A packaging machine, comprising in combination, a lifting bodyadapted to support an article to be wrapped, a support for the same uponwhich said body is slidably mounted, means for raising and lowering saidsupport, and means for causing said body to slide upon said support,substantially as described.

17. A packaging machine. comprising in combination a lifting body. atension body, a common support upon which bodies are slidably supported,raising and lowering means for causing said means for said support andbodies to slide in both of said i appropriate relation to each otherupon said support, substantially as described.

18. A packaging machine, comprising in combinationa slidable liftingbody, a tension body mounted for sliding parallel with said liftingbody, lifting means for the two bodies, and means for causing successiveadvance of said bodies, substantially as described.

19. A packaging machine comprising in combination a slid-able liftingbody, a tension body mounted for sliding parallel with said liftingbody, lifting means for the two bodies, means for causing said liftingbody to engage with and move said tension body on reverse movement ofthe former, and means for causing successive forward movement andsimultaneous backward movement of said bodies, substantially asdescribed.

20.1n a packaging machine, a lifting body, a slidable spring-pressedcentering device mounted thereon, supporting means for raising andlowering said body and means for causing said body to :slide back andforth on said supporting means, substantially as described.

21. In a packaging machine, a lifting body, lifting blades projectingfrom the same, supporting means for raising and lowering the same, andmeans for causing said body to slide back and forth on said supportingmeans, substantially as described.

22. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, means for raising andlowering the same, a lifting body, means for causing said body to slideon said box, lifting blades on said body, and a centering device on saidbody, substantially as described.

23. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, means for raising andlowering the same, a tension body on said box, means for causing saidbody to slide on said box, and tension blades on said body,substantially as described.

24. In a packaging machine, a lifting box,

' means for raising and lowering the same, a

tension body on said box, means for causing said body to slide on saidbox and tension blades on said body adapted to swing across the line ofsliding movement thereof, substantially as described.

25. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, means for rais ng andlowering the same, a tension body on said box, means for causing saidbody to slide on said box, tension blades projecting horizontally therefrom, means tending to lift said blades, and means adapted to hold saidblades normally down and to release them to permit upward movementthereof when said body is fully advanced in one direction, substantiallyas described.

26. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, means for raising andlowering the same, a

tension body on said box, means for causing said body to slide on saidbox, tension blades projecting horizontally therefrom and provided withupward projections, and guide ribs over said projections having each acavity for receiving said projections when said tension body is advancedforward, substantially as described. v

27. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, means for raising andlowering the same, a slid-able lifting body on said b x having liftingblades and guide ribs provided with cavities, a slidable tension bodyalso on said box beneath said lifting body, tension blades on saidlatter body having upward projections adapted to slide along said ribsand drop into said cavities, said latter blades being mounted in aresilient manner on said tension body, substantially as described.

28. In a packaging machine a longitudinally movable conveyer, a liftingbody on each side thereof, means for causing said bodies to advancetoward said conveyer, and means adapted to raise and lower said bodiessimultaneously, while in their advanced position, substantially asdescribed.

29. In a packaging machine a longitudinally movable conveyer, a liftingbody on each side thereof, a tension body also on each side thereof,means for causing said lifting bodies to move toward said conveyer,means for causing subsequent advance of said tension bodies toward saidconveyer, and means for causing all of said bodies to be simultaneouslyraised and lowered, substantially as described. e

30. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, a lifting body adapted toslide thereon, a swinging arm, a swinging connection between the endthereof and said body, means for raising and lowering said box, andautomatic means for swinging said arm to cause sliding movements of saidbody, substantially as described.

31. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, a tension body adapted toslide thereon, a lateral jPI'OjGCtIOI]. on said body, a swinging armadapted to maintain contact at one end with said projection whetherraised or low ered, means for raising and lowering said box, and meansfor swinging said arm, substantially as described.

32. In a packaging machine, a support, a tension body mounted slidablythereon and having a lateral projection, means for raising and loweringsaid support, a swinging arm adapted to press said support, andautomatic means for causing said arm to push said tension body forwardand then swing back leaving said body in its advanced position,substantially as described. v

33. In a packaging machine, a lifting box, a tension body adapted toslide thereon, a lateral projection on said body, a swinging arm'adaptedto maintain contact at one end said bodies, a cam arranged with saidprojection whether raised or lowered, a lifting body in said box, aswinging arm ada ted to cause the same to slide back and fortli on saidbox, an actuating device for said latter arm, a lifting means for saidbox, an actuating device for said former arm, and means for causingsuccessive operation of said actuating devices and lifting means in theorder named, substantially as described.

34. In a packaging machine, slidable lifting bodies on opposite sidesthereof, swing ing arms connected at their outer ends with to causeinward swinging of one of said arms, a second cam arranged to causeoutward movement of the other arm, and a mechanical connection betweensaid arms for insuring simultaneous inward and outward swinging-thereof,substantially as described.

35. In a packaging machine, slidable tension bodies on opposite sidesthereof, swinging arms arranged so that their outer ends controlmovement of said bodies, a spring tending to draw said arms together, acam arranged to swing one of said arms outward against the effort ofsaid spring, and a mechanical connection between said arms, for insuringsimultaneous inward and outward swinging thereof, substantially asdescribed.

36. In a packaging machine, nally movable conveyer, a cross bar beneaththe same, a vertical stem near each end thereof, a sheet retaining plateon each stem, a spring for supporting each stem and plate, and means forautomatically raising and lowering said cross bar so as to cause saidplates to rise and fall on each side of said conveyer, substantially asdescribed.

37. In the folding unit of a packaging machine an initial folder havingrods capable of swinging movement, means tending to maintain said rodssubstantially parallel to each other, means for moving said rods up anddown, and stops arranged to make" contact with said rods when they areretracted, for swinging their lower ends nearer together, substantiallyas described.

38. In the folding unit of apackaging machine, a substantiallyhorizontal bar made adjustable as to length and extending across themachine, rods depending from the ends thereof, means on said rodsadapted to form folds in tubularly arranged paper, and means for raisingand lowering said horizontal bar, sul'istantially as described.

39. In the folding unit of a packaging machine. a substantiallyhorizontal bar made adj ustabh as to length and extending across themachine, rods depending from the ends thereof, means on said rodsadapted to form folds in tubularly arranged paper, means tending to keepsaid rods substantially vertical, means for moving said bar up and alongitudidown, and stops arranged to make contact with said rods whenraised, for swinging them out of parallelism, substantially asdescribed.

40. In the initial folder of a packaging machine, a vertically movablerod mounted for swinging movement, a spring tending to hold the same ina substantially vertical position, an outwardly turned arm on said rod,a stop above said arm, and means for alternately lowering said rod andraising it so that said arm is tilted by said stop, substantially asdescribed.

41. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, and in combination withthe conveyor thereof, a spring pressed slidable frame beside saidconveyer, folding plates adapted to swing on said frame, substantial] yparallel to its length, and means for swinging said plates,substantially as described.

42. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, and in combination withthe conveyer thereof, a spring pressed slidable frame beside saidconveyer, a folding plate adapted to swing on said frame on an axissubstantially parallel to the length of the frame, and means forswinging said plate, substantially as described.

43. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, and in combination withthe conveyer thereof, a spring-pressed slidable frame beside saidconveyer, a folding plate mounted thereon so as to both slide and tiltin its own plane parallel to said conveyor, and means for successivelysliding and tilting said folding plate on said frame, sub stantially asdescribed.

44. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, a pair of side foldingplates mounted for sliding and tilting in substantially the same plane;in combination with automatic means for causing said plates first toslide into folding position and then to tilt toward each other,substantially as described.

45. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, a pair of side havinglongitudinal slots, pins for supporting said plates passing into saidslots, and means for sliding said plates upward and then tilting themaround said pins, substantially as described.

46. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, a pair of side foldingplates having longitudinal slots, pins for supporting said platespassing into said slots, and means for sliding said plates upward andthen tilting them around said pins, said means including a connectionallowing for.

lost motion on one of said tially as described.

47. In the folding unit of a packaging machine, and in combination withthe conveyer thereof, a spring-pressed slidable plates, substanfoldingplates

